As people age, their risk of developing type 2 diabetes increases. This is because studies have shown that elevated glucose and insulin levels are more common when evaluating oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT). Blood glucose targets for adults are standardized and don't change with age, but it is still important to understand your risk of type 2 diabetes by knowing your blood glucose level. When we eat a meal that contains carbohydrates, our blood glucose levels increase.
With age, our blood glucose levels tend to rise and insulin becomes less and less effective at reducing them. Eating less sugar is one of the best steps you can take to keep your blood sugar level within a healthy range. High blood sugar levels can lead to serious vision disorders such as cataracts, as well as cardiovascular disease. Blood vessel damage caused by high blood glucose levels affects people of all ages, but the risk of cardiovascular disease due to high blood glucose levels is much higher in older adults.
Men had higher average glucose levels than women from the early 20s to the early 70s; from then on, women had higher levels than men. Insulin secretion from β cells is closely related to the availability of glucose, allowing blood glucose levels to be precisely adjusted within a normal range. However, when blood sugar levels rise and enzyme concentrations remain the same, enzymes cannot cope, causing the balance to shift in favor of AGE formation. Excess blood sugar is more likely to react with proteins such as collagen in the skin, which can cause brown spots or age spots, as well as loss of elasticity and premature wrinkles.
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